Archive for the ‘Uncategorized’ Category

Coca-Cola sued over vitaminwater health claims

Saturday, August 21st, 2010 | Tags: , , , , , , , , ,
Posted in External News Articles, Uncategorized

vitaminwater

Now here’s something you wouldn’t expect. Coca-Cola is being sued by a non-profit public interest group, on the grounds that the company’s vitaminwater products make unwarranted health claims. No surprise there. But how do you think the company is defending itself?

In a staggering feat of twisted logic, lawyers for Coca-Cola are defending the lawsuit by asserting that “no consumer could reasonably be misled into thinking vitaminwater was a healthy beverage.”

Does this mean that you’d have to be an unreasonable person to think that a product named “vitaminwater,” a product that has been heavily and aggressively marketed as a healthy beverage, actually had health benefits?

Or does it mean that it’s okay for a corporation to lie about its products, as long as they can then turn around and claim that no one actually believes their lies?

In fact, the product is basically sugar-water, to which about a penny’s worth of synthetic vitamins have been added. And the amount of sugar is not trivial. A bottle of vitaminwater contains 33 grams of sugar, making it more akin to a soft drink than to a healthy beverage.

Is any harm being done by this marketing ploy? After all, some might say consumers are at least getting some vitamins, and there isn’t as much sugar in vitaminwater as there is in regular Coke.

True. But about 35 percent of Americans are now considered medically obese. Two-thirds of Americans are overweight. Health experts tend to disagree about almost everything, but they all concur that added sugars play a key role in the obesity epidemic, a problem that now leads to more medical costs than smoking.

How many people with weight problems have consumed products like vitaminwater in the mistaken belief that the product was nutritionally positive and carried no caloric consequences? How many have thought that consuming vitaminwater was a smart choice from a weight-loss perspective? The very name “vitaminwater” suggests that the product is simply water with added nutrients, disguising the fact that it’s actually full of added sugar.

The truth is that when it comes to weight loss, what you drink may be even more important than what you eat. Americans now get nearly 25 percent of their calories from liquids. In 2009, researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health published a report in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, finding that the quickest and most reliable way to lose weight is to cut down on liquid calorie consumption. And the best way to do that is to reduce or eliminate beverages that contain added sugar.


Meanwhile, Coca-Cola has invested billions of dollars in its vitaminwater line, paying basketball stars, including Kobe Bryant and Lebron James, to appear in ads that emphatically state that these products are a healthy way for consumers to hydrate. When Lebron James held his much ballyhooed TV special to announce his decision to join the Miami Heat, many corporations paid millions in an attempt to capitalize on the event. But it was vitaminwater that had the most prominent role throughout the show.

The lawsuit, brought by the Center for Science in the Public Interest, alleges that vitaminwater labels and advertising are filled with “deceptive and unsubstantiated claims.” In his recent 55-page ruling, Federal Judge John Gleeson (U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York), wrote, “At oral arguments, defendants (Coca-Cola) suggested that no consumer could reasonably be misled into thinking vitamin water was a healthy beverage.” Noting that the soft drink giant wasn’t claiming the lawsuit was wrong on factual grounds, the judge wrote that, “Accordingly, I must accept the factual allegations in the complaint as true.”

I still can’t get over the bizarre audacity of Coke’s legal case. Forced to defend themselves in court, they are acknowledging that vitaminwater isn’t a healthy product. But they are arguing that advertising it as such isn’t false advertising, because no could possibly believe such a ridiculous claim.

I guess that’s why they spend hundreds of millions of dollars advertising the product, saying it will keep you “healthy as a horse,” and will bring about a “healthy state of physical and mental well-being.”

Why do we allow companies like Coca-Cola to tell us that drinking a bottle of sugar water with a few added water-soluble vitamins is a legitimate way to meet our nutritional needs?

Here’s what I suggest: If you’re looking for a healthy and far less expensive way to hydrate, try drinking water. If you want to flavor the water you drink, try adding the juice of a lemon and a small amount of honey or maple syrup to a quart of water. Another alternative is to mix one part lemonade or fruit juice to three or four parts water. Or drink green tea, hot or chilled, adding lemon and a small amount of sweetener if you like. If you want to jazz it up, try one-half fruit juice, one-half carbonated water.

If your tap water tastes bad or you suspect it might contain lead or other contaminants, get a water filter that fits under the sink or attaches to the tap.

And it’s probably not the best idea to rely on a soft drink company for your vitamins and other essential nutrients. A plant-strong diet with lots of vegetables and fruits will provide you with what you need far more reliably, far more consistently — and far more honestly

source : http://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-robbins/the-dark-side-of-vitaminw_b_669716.html

Scottish Government Sets Out Action Plan To Tackle Diabetes

Saturday, August 21st, 2010 | Tags: , , , ,
Posted in External News Articles, Uncategorized

The growing problem of diabetes in Scotland is to be tackled by a new Scottish Government Action Plan launched this week.

The Scottish Diabetes Action Plan sets out a course of action over the next three years which will support prevention and detection of diabetes and help improve NHS care throughout Scotland. Diabetes UK Scotland has welcomed the plan and, in particular, the commitment to tackling the growth of this life-threatening condition.

58,000 more people with diabetes in Scotland since 2006

On the launch of the new Scottish Diabetes Action Plan, Jane-Claire Judson, Director of Diabetes UK Scotland, said: “In 2006, when the last Diabetes Action Plan was published, 170,000 people had diabetes in Scotland. In four years that figure has increased to 228,000 and unless improvements in detection and prevention take place, we could see tens of thousands more people diagnosed over the lifetime of the new action plan.

Crucial for patients and NHS staff

“At a time of uncertainty for many as a result of the recession and looming budget cuts, a clear roadmap setting out the priorities for providing high-quality care and support, reducing the rate of increase, and diagnosing people earlier to help avoid complications, is crucial both for patients and for NHS staff delivering and developing services. Diabetes UK Scotland is delighted to see the Action Plan set out the strategies for care, prevention and detection that the NHS in partnership with patients will work to deliver over the coming years.”

Diabetes UK Scotland has also welcomed a new commitment to reducing the rate of emergency admissions for Type 1 diabetes. Scotland has one of the highest rates of childhood diabetes in the world and there is a pressing need to deal with avoidable admissions to hospital.

Read the Scottish Government Diabetes Action Plan 2010.

source Diabetes UK

Vitamin D Insufficiency May Hurt Lymphoma Prognosis

Tuesday, August 17th, 2010 | Posted in Uncategorized

Insufficiency linked to inferior event-free and overall survival in non-Hodgkins subtypes

TUESDAY, Aug. 17

In patients with two non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma subtypes, vitamin D insufficiency is associated with inferior overall survival (OS) as well as inferior event-free survival (EFS), according to a study published online Aug. 16 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.

In a prospective cohort of 983 newly diagnosed patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Matthew T. Drake, M.D., of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., and colleagues assessed whether or not circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels were predictive of EFS and OS.

Within 120 days of diagnosis, the investigators found that 44 percent of patients had insufficient 25(OH)D levels (<25 ng/mL). In addition, 404 events and 193 deaths (168 from lymphoma) occurred during a median follow-up of 34.8 months. After adjustment for known prognostic factors and treatment, 25(OH)D insufficient patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and those with T-cell lymphoma had inferior EFS (hazard ratios [HRs], 1.41 and 1.94, respectively). These two groups also had inferior OS (HRs, 1.99 and 2.38, respectively).

There were no associations between EFS and other non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma subtypes.

“At this time, there is no definitive evidence for a causative relationship between lower vitamin D levels and poorer outcomes in lymphoma, and our study did not answer the question of whether normalizing vitamin D levels in these patients improves outcome,” the authors write.

http://jco.ascopubs.org/cgi/reprint/JCO.2010.28.6674v1

MS Epigenetics Survey – we need YOU

Tuesday, August 17th, 2010 | Tags: , , , , , , , , , , ,
Posted in Uncategorized

Ryan Mclaughlin and the Shine on Scotland campaign are helping Oxford University and Barts and the London School of  Medicine with a New MS barts n oxford logosEpigenics Survey.

Basically we need you to participate as we are trying to get the months of births of MS patients, their parents and their grandparents (in order to investigate epigenetic effects).We need to get as many patients to participate as possible in order for the results to be meaningful.

Can you help?

We have designed a web-based survey that should take less than 5 minutes for patients to complete, but it is important that patients have their parents (and if possible, grandparents) birth dates available before
starting the survey.

Please Click Here to particapate.

FSA Ireland defends Poor advice on vitamin D for babies

Tuesday, August 17th, 2010 | Tags: , , , ,
Posted in External News Articles, Uncategorized

THE FOOD Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) has defended its recommendation that all infants from birth to 12 months should be given a daily supplement of five micrograms of vitamin D and not a higher level as in other countries.

The HSE has developed a new policy of vitamin D supplementation for infants on foot of the FSAI’s recommendation, which will be highlighted to new mothers in a campaign in the autumn.

Studies have found that children and adults in Ireland have low levels of vitamin D, known as “the sunshine vitamin”, which can lead to weak bones and, in severe cases, to the bone-softening disease, rickets.

The most important source of vitamin D is sunshine but due to Ireland’s geographical location and an increased awareness of the dangers of skin cancer, supplementation of five micrograms (or 200IU) of the vitamin is now being recommended in Irish infants.

However, in 2008 the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) doubled the amount of vitamin D it recommends for infants from five micrograms a day to 10 beginning in the first days of life. This change in recommendation comes after the AAP reviewed clinical trials which showed that giving 400 units of vitamin D a day would not only prevent rickets, but treat it.

Dr Mary Flynn, chief specialist in public health nutrition with the food authority, agreed that a lot has moved on since the FSAI brought out its 2007 report on which the vitamin D supplementation recommendations are based and said there had been a move in other countries to increase the level of the vitamin being recommended.

However, she said: “We are playing catch-up with other countries, including the UK, US and Canada in introducing a vitamin D supplementation programme and this is the first time we have had such a programme in Ireland. When you start complicating a public health message, you lose it. We know that five micrograms of vitamin D covers all infants, whether breast or bottle fed and we want to keep our message to new mums as simple as possible.”

Dr Flynn said the level of five micrograms could be revised upwards in the future, but it was more comforting to be told at this stage that they “might not be going far enough than that they were going too far”.

Although breastfed babies are at a higher risk of vitamin D deficiency as formula milks are fortified with the vitamin, Dr Flynn said breastfeeding was still the best way of improving overall health, not just in infancy but throughout childhood and into adulthood.

http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/health/2010/0817/1224276959525.html

Call for fortified Milk – it could prevent MS & Cancer

Monday, August 16th, 2010 | Tags: , , , , , , ,
Posted in External News Articles, Uncategorized
Milk could be fortified with vitamin D to strengthen bones and prevent heart disease and cancer.
The vitamin is credited with a host of benefits but because the body’s stores of it are mainly formed by exposure to sunlight many Britons do not have enough of it.
In England, half of the population is low in the ’sunshine vitamin’ when winter ends – in Scotland, it is two-thirds.
Vitamin D is credited with a host of benefits but because the body’s stores of it are mainly formed by exposure to sunlight many Britons do not have enough of it
Government scientific advisors are looking for ways to boost levels. Options include fortifying milk, something already done in countries such as Canada.
Dr Ann Prentice, chairman of the scientific advisory committee on nutrition, said: ‘It is widely recognised within Government circles that we have a problem now that needs to be addressed. Milk is one of the potential vehicles that could be used.’
Milk could be fortified with vitamin D to strengthen bones and prevent heart disease and cancer
The vitamin is vital for calcium absorption and bone health and may help to prevent Alzheimer’s.
Recent research has shown that vitamin D supplements are as good as some drugs at keeping prostate cancer under control – and it is said that taking supplements of the vitamin in pregnancy and childhood could wipe out 80 per cent of cases of multiple sclerosis.
Low levels of vitamin D are linked to a higher risk of dying from cancer, heart disease and diabetes.
Dr Susan Lanham-New, a SACN member and a Surrey University nutritionist, said that a study of 14,000 pregnant women in Bristol during the 1990s found that more than 90 per cent of them were not getting enough of the vitamin.
She said: ‘Vitamin D is known to be vital for a wide range of body functions. A lot of us are very worried about [deficiencies] and think it needs looking at.’
Vitamin D-rich foods include oily fish and eggs but with 90 per cent coming from the action of sunlight on the skin there are concerns that advice on abstaining from sunbathing is unnecessarily restrictive.
Finland became the first country to add vitamin D to milk supplies in 2003. Fortification is carried out – but not mandatory – in Canada, Israel and Jordan.
It is said that taking supplements of the vitamin in pregnancy and childhood could wipe out 80 per cent of cases of multiple sclerosis
Opinions on the success of the Finnish initiative are mixed. A 2006 study of young men found that fortification led to a ‘ substantial’ rise in vitamin D of more than 50 per cent. But a similar study the following year concluded that fortification only slightly boosted vitamin D levels.
Any plans for compulsory fortification of milk in the Uk could lead to criticisms that consumers were being stripped of choice, although the vitamin has been added to margarine for many years by law.
The Department of Health said the SACN’s report into fortification would take at least three years to complete.
The Food Standards Agency says most people should be able to get all the vitamin D they need from their diet and sun exposure but recommends ten micrograms per day for over-65s and pregnant and breastfeeding women.
It warns that high doses can weaken bones but says that taking up to 25 micrograms in supplements a day is unlikely to cause any harm.
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-1303398/Call-sunshine-vitamin-milk-help-beat-cancer.html?ito=feeds-newsxml#ixzz0wihFW8mP

16 August 2010

Daily Mail

MilkMilk could be fortified with vitamin D to strengthen bones and prevent heart disease and cancer.

The vitamin is credited with a host of benefits but because the body’s stores of it are mainly formed by exposure to sunlight many Britons do not have enough of it.

In England, half of the population is low in the ’sunshine vitamin’ when winter ends – in Scotland, it is two-thirds.

Vitamin D is credited with a host of benefits but because the body’s stores of it are mainly formed by exposure to sunlight many Britons do not have enough of it.

Government scientific advisors are looking for ways to boost levels. Options include fortifying milk, something already done in countries such as Canada.

Dr Ann Prentice, chairman of the scientific advisory committee on nutrition, said: ‘It is widely recognised within Government circles that we have a problem now that needs to be addressed. Milk is one of the potential vehicles that could be used.’

Milk could be fortified with vitamin D to strengthen bones and prevent heart disease and cancer. The vitamin is vital for calcium absorption and bone health and may help to prevent Alzheimer’s.

Recent research has shown that vitamin D supplements are as good as some drugs at keeping prostate cancer under control – and it is said that taking supplements of the vitamin in pregnancy and childhood could wipe out 80 per cent of cases of multiple sclerosis.

Low levels of vitamin D are linked to a higher risk of dying from cancer, heart disease and diabetes.

Dr Susan Lanham-New, a SACN member and a Surrey University nutritionist, said that a study of 14,000 pregnant women in Bristol during the 1990s found that more than 90 per cent of them were not getting enough of the vitamin.

She said: ‘Vitamin D is known to be vital for a wide range of body functions. A lot of us are very worried about [deficiencies] and think it needs looking at.’

Vitamin D-rich foods include oily fish and eggs but with 90 per cent coming from the action of sunlight on the skin there are concerns that advice on abstaining from sunbathing is unnecessarily restrictive.

Finland became the first country to add vitamin D to milk supplies in 2003. Fortification is carried out – but not mandatory – in Canada, Israel and Jordan.

It is said that taking supplements of the vitamin in pregnancy and childhood could wipe out 80 per cent of cases of multiple sclerosis

Opinions on the success of the Finnish initiative are mixed. A 2006 study of young men found that fortification led to a ‘ substantial’ rise in vitamin D of more than 50 per cent. But a similar study the following year concluded that fortification only slightly boosted vitamin D levels.

Any plans for compulsory fortification of milk in the Uk could lead to criticisms that consumers were being stripped of choice, although the vitamin has been added to margarine for many years by law.

The Department of Health said the SACN’s report into fortification would take at least three years to complete.

The Food Standards Agency says most people should be able to get all the vitamin D they need from their diet and sun exposure but recommends ten micrograms per day for over-65s and pregnant and breastfeeding women.

It warns that high doses can weaken bones but says that taking up to 25 micrograms in supplements a day is unlikely to cause any harm.

Source: MailOnline © Associated Newspapers Ltd 2010 (16/08/10)

Researchers discover genetic link between immune system, Parkinson’s disease

Monday, August 16th, 2010 | Tags: , , , , , , , , , ,
Posted in Uncategorized

A team of researchers has discovered new evidence that Parkinson’s disease may have an infectious or autoimmune origin. “Common genetic variation in the HLA region is associated with late-onset sporadic Parkinson’s disease” appears online in Nature Genetics.

The study was conducted by the NeuroGenetics Research Consortium, an international team of researchers led by Haydeh Payami, research scientist at the New York State Department of Health Wadsworth Center. The clinical directors for the study were Dr. Cyrus Zabetian, associate professor of neurology at the University of Washington and VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Stewart Factor at Emory University and John Nutt at Oregon Health and Sciences University.

The research team studied more than 2,000 Parkinson’s disease patients and 2,000 healthy volunteers from clinics in Oregon, Washington, New York and Georgia, assessing clinical, genetic and environmental factors that might contribute to the development and progression of Parkinson’s disease and its complications. Some of the research subjects were tracked for nearly two decades.

“Over the years, there have been subtle hints that immune function might be linked to Parkinson’s disease” said Zabetian. “But now we have much more convincing evidence of this and a better idea of which parts of the immune system might be involved.”

In the study, researchers detected a new association with the HLA (human leukocyte antigen) region, which contains a large number of genes related to immune system function in humans. With the new findings, and link to HLA, researchers will now be encouraged to take a fresh look at the possible role of infections, inflammation and autoimmunity in Parkinson’s disease.

HLA genes are essential for recognizing foreign invaders from the body’s own tissues. Similarly, HLA molecules are supposed to recognize a body’s own tissue as itself and prevent immune reactions against them. But the system doesn’t always work perfectly. HLA genes are highly variable from individual to individual. Certain variants of the genes are associated with increased risk or protection against infectious disease, while other variants can induce autoimmune disorders in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues. Multiple sclerosis, a neurological disease caused by autoimmunity, is also associated with HLA-DR. The genetic variant that is associated with Parkinson’s disease is in the same region as the one associated with multiple sclerosis.

People who take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen) have a reduced risk of developing Parkinson’s disease, which also supports an immune-related mechanism. The protective effect of NSAIDs is not the same for everyone, likely because of genetic differences, and NSAIDs can have side effects. Pursuing the connection between Parkinson’s disease and inflammation, especially in the context of variable genetic makeup, may lead to better, more selective drugs for treating Parkinson’s disease.

Consortium leaders recognize the study would not have been possible without the precious help from volunteer patients. “This type of research could not be done if it weren’t for the willing and dedicated individuals who volunteer as research subjects,” said Payami, who acknowledged that some study subjects participated for nearly two decades.

What’s next for the team? “Our results also pointed to several other genes that might play a role in developing Parkinson’s disease, and these findings need to be confirmed, so we have a lot of work ahead of us” said Zabetian. He and others in the consortium will now mine the data even more for gene-environment interactions, with a goal of finding environmental triggers and protectors to develop genetically-personalized therapeutics for treatment and prevention of Parkinson’s disease.

notes :

The study was funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the Edmond J. Safra Global Genetic Consortium grant from the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Disease Research.

US probes corruption in big pharmaceutical companies

Sunday, August 15th, 2010 | Tags: , , , , , , , , , , , ,
Posted in External News Articles, Uncategorized

The US Department of Justice is scrutinising payments by leading pharmaceuticals companies for hospitality, consultants, licensing agreements and charitable donations in markets around the world as part of a wide-ranging corruption probe.

GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Eli Lilly, among others, have disclosed being contacted by the DoJ and Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with the investigation. Merck, the US drugs group, announced last week that it had also been contacted and was co-operating with investigators.

An industry attorney familiar with the probe said that the DoJ was looking at whether pharma companies had ignored a “systematic risk” inherent in the global drugs business and ignored obligations under local and US anti-bribery law.

The highly regulated nature of the business, combined with the fact that healthcare officials in many non-US markets were government funded, made the industry a natural target for such a probe, the person added. The investigation is at a relatively early stage but is considered a priority for the DoJ.

While hospitality – including meals and all expenses-paid travel for conferences – has long been considered a potential risk for pharma groups, the DoJ’s probe is looking at all aspects of companies’ dealings in non-US markets, people familiar with the matter say. That includes the recruitment of physicians for clinical trials. In some markets, the same physicians may serve on regulatory boards that approve or deny drugs.

The DoJ declined to comment. But last November, Lanny Breuer, head of the DoJ’s criminal division, announced that investigators would be focusing on international corruption in the pharmaceuticals industry for “years”.
Mr Breuer warned a conference of pharmaceutical industry lawyers that prosecutors were gearing up for an investigation of international corruption in the sector. The drugs companies took notice.

That threat has now become a reality. Merck, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Baxter, SciClone, and Bristol-Myers Squibb have in recent months received inquiries from the DoJ and the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with an industry-wide bribery investigation.

GlaxoSmithKline, the UK drugmaker, told the Financial Times on Thursday that it too had received “inquiries” from US authorities, but that it disclosed the issue “reactively” only to selected reporters in April.

Pfizer, the world’s largest pharmaceutical group, said in February that it had voluntarily provided the DoJ and SEC with information concerning potentially improper payments outside the US and was exploring resolution of the matter.

There is perhaps no industry that is as vulnerable to violations of US anti-bribery laws as the pharmaceutical industry. In markets round the world, the companies deal, sometimes thousands of times in a single day, with doctors, clinicians, hospital operators and regulators who are considered under US law to be government officials, because they are employed by state-owned facilities.

Under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the US anti-bribery law, companies may not offer items of value to foreign government officials for profit. One industry lawyer involved in the matter said global pharmaceutical companies operating in countries with state-run medical institutions deal with government officials at every turn of their business: whether it is seeking the go-ahead for a manufacturing site; obtaining drug licences; conducting clinical trials; importing drugs; selling and marketing drugs to physicians; or getting a product on to a hospital’s approved list.

“What most companies will find is that all of these areas are risky and, if they don’t train and educate their people, they are going to find themselves with issues. For example, if you have hired customs brokers, how do you know they aren’t bribing officials?” the attorney said.

According to the law firm Arnold & Porter, the DoJ is particularly interested in corrupt payments that may have influenced the reliability or integrity of data in clinical trials performed outside the US. A recent report by the Department of Health and Human Services found 80 per cent of marketing applications for drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the US had relied on at least one foreign trial.

“Companies may find themselves facing critical legal issues if approval of products rested on the results of studies the DoJ deems corrupt,” Arnold & Porter said in an advisory letter to clients last month.

A person familiar with the investigation confirmed that clinical trials were one of several areas the DoJ was examining.

Alexandra Wrage, the president of Trace, a non-profit organisation that helps companies establish anti-corruption practices, said that alleged wrong doing at pharmaceutical companies could often centre on inappropriately lavish hospitality, such as wining and dining doctors from state-run hospitals at conferences in Bali or Monaco.

“What we hear is not that doctors are expecting cash. But that doctors are only going to give companies time [for meetings] in front of a meal or a training session,” said Ms Wrage. Such sessions often involve all-expenses-paid travel.

In the US, drugs companies are also coming under more intense scrutiny for their interactions with doctors. Pfizer in April disclosed that it paid $35m over six months to 4,500 doctors in private practice for education and the development and marketing of new drugs – payments that are legal in the US.

But legal experts familiar with the inquiries say they expect that the DoJ is examining egregious behaviour that smells of bribery.

Source: The Financial Times Copyright The Financial Times Limited 2010 (15/08/10)

Meningeal T cells associate with diffuse axonal loss in MS

Sunday, August 15th, 2010 | Tags: , , , ,
Posted in External News Articles, Uncategorized

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: A link between diffuse axonal loss and diffuse inflammation has been established in the brain of patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present paper, we sought to determine whether such a link could be similarly demonstrated in the spinal cord of patients with progressive MS.

METHODS: A neuropathological quantitative assessment of inflammation and axonal loss was performed in the cervical spinal cord of 18 patients with progressive MS and 5 control subjects.

RESULTS: As previously reported, we found a mean 25% decrease of axonal density in the normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) of MS versus control spinal cords. T-cell perivascular infiltrates were rare, but a robust diffuse inflammation was observed in both the normal-appearing parenchyma and the meninges. The extent of diffuse axonal loss in the NAWM correlated with both the density of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II(+) microglia in the NAWM and, surprisingly, the density of CD3(+) T cells in the meninges. Interestingly, close interactions between T cells and MHC class II(+) macrophages were observed in the meninges of spinal cords from MS patients.

INTERPRETATION: Recent studies assigned a major role to meningeal B-cell follicles in the pathophysiology of secondary progressive MS. The present work also emphasizes the link between meningeal inflammation and parenchymal lesions and points to a specific role exerted by both meningeal T cells and activated microglia in diffuse axonal loss in the spinal cord.

ANN NEUROL 2010. Androdias G, Reynolds R, Chanal M, Ritleng C, Confavreux C, Nataf S. National Institute for Medical Research U842, Lyon, France. Source: Ann Neurol. 2010 Aug & Pubmed PMID: 20687208 (12/08/10)

Study CONFIRMS raising vitamin D levels could reduce MS relapses by 50%

Thursday, August 12th, 2010 | Tags: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
Posted in External News Articles, Uncategorized

Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with lower relapse risk in multiple sclerosis.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: A protective association between higher vitamin D levels and the onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been demonstrated; however, its role in modulating MS clinical course has been little studied. We investigated whether higher levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) were associated with a lower risk of relapses in people with MS.

METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 145 participants with relapsing-remitting MS from 2002 to 2005. Serum 25-OH-D levels were measured biannually, and the hazard of relapse was assessed using survival analysis.

RESULTS: There was an inverse linear relationship between 25-OH-D levels and the hazard of relapse over the subsequent 6 months, with hazard ratio (HR) 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85-0.97) per 10nmol/l increase in 25-OH-D level (p = 0.006). When variation due to timing of blood collection was removed by estimating 25-OH-D at the start of each season, this association persisted, with HR 0.90 (95% CI, 0.83-0.98) per 10nmol/l increase (p = 0.016). Taking into account the biological half-life of 25-OH-D, we estimated 25-OH-D at monthly intervals, resulting in a slightly enhanced association, with HR 0.88 (95% CI, 0.82-0.95) per 10nmol/l increase (p = 0.001). Adjusting for potential confounders did not alter these findings.

INTERPRETATION: In this prospective population-based cohort study, in a cohort largely on immunomodulatory therapy, higher 25-OH-D levels were associated with a reduced hazard of relapse. This occurred in a dose-dependent linear fashion, with each 10nmol/l increase in 25-OH-D resulting in up to a 12% reduction in risk of relapse. Clinically, raising 25-OH-D levels by 50nmol/l could halve the hazard of a relapse. ANN NEUROL 2010;68:193-203.

Simpson S Jr, Taylor B, Blizzard L, Ponsonby AL, Pittas F, Tremlett H, Dwyer T, Gies P, van der Mei I.

Menzies Research Institute

Sources: Ann Neurol. 2010 Aug;68(2):193-203. & Pubmed PMID: 20695012 (11/08/10)

msrc.co.uk